{"id":10932,"date":"2024-01-05T02:16:52","date_gmt":"2024-01-05T02:16:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/4pal.net\/?p=10932"},"modified":"2024-01-04T02:30:15","modified_gmt":"2024-01-04T02:30:15","slug":"kiem-soat-chat-luong-xet-nghiem-va-ung-dung-cua-thong-ke-y-hoc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/4pal.net\/kiem-soat-chat-luong-xet-nghiem-va-ung-dung-cua-thong-ke-y-hoc\/","title":{"rendered":"Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea y h\u1ecdc"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong c\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 trong m\u1eabu sinh h\u1ecdc. V\u00ec c\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c y t\u1ebf n\u00ean t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00ec d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ho\u1eb7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n. Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn n\u00e0y. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady cao l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c y t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady.<\/p>\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-10933 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/4pal.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/kscl1.jpg\" alt=\"Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea y h\u1ecdc\" width=\"1173\" height=\"782\" srcset=\"https:\/\/4pal.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/kscl1.jpg 1173w, https:\/\/4pal.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/kscl1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/4pal.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/kscl1-750x500.jpg 750w, https:\/\/4pal.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/kscl1-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1173px) 100vw, 1173px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c m\u1eabu sinh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t d\u1ecbch c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 m\u00e1u v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec3u, v\u00e0 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 trong \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch. Ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft ngay t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c sai s\u1ed1 s\u1ebd l\u1edbn ra sao. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng l\u00e0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 trong ph\u1ea1m vi sai s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n. \u0110\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c trong x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i khi c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00f9ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111o v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt vi\u00ean x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n<p>N\u1ed9i ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (Internal Quality Control \u2013 IQC) g\u1ecdi t\u1eaft l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i ki\u1ec3m, l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y trong n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t ph\u00f2ng x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ph\u00f2ng x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m. Khi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 n\u1ed9i ki\u1ec3m n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, ph\u00f2ng x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm ra nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y sai s\u1ed1 nh\u01b0: t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eabu n\u1ed9i ki\u1ec3m, thao th\u00e1c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean,\u2026 v\u00e0 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean m\u1eabu b\u1ec7nh ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u00e0y nay trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t l\u00e0m l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. W.A. Shewhart, ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp ra ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: \u201cC\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i trong h\u01a1n 35 n\u0103m l\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn ra qua c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ecdi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 mang t\u00ednh x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u1ea3.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>T\u1ea1i Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t trong x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m y h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t Xbar-R (ho\u1eb7c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t Xbar-Rs-R).<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-10934 size-full aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/4pal.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/kscl2.png\" alt=\"Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea y h\u1ecdc\" width=\"459\" height=\"306\" srcset=\"https:\/\/4pal.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/kscl2.png 459w, https:\/\/4pal.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/kscl2-300x200.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 459px) 100vw, 459px\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00a0\u00a0 &#8220;Xbar&#8221; bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1eabu QC \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00e0y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n &#8220;\u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c&#8221;.<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0\u00a0 &#8220;R&#8221; bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1ed1i \u0111a v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1eabu QC \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n &#8220;\u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m \u0111\u00f3&#8221;.<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0\u00a0 &#8220;Rs&#8221; bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trung b\u00ecnh trong ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb &#8220;\u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y&#8221;.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c mang t\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea, \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh cho c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o:<\/p>\n<p>1.Shewhart, W. A. (1939) Statistical Methods from the Viewpoint of Quality Control. Graduate School, Department of Agriculture, Washington DC, 75.<\/p>\n<p>2. C\u00e1ch ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. Th\u00f4ng tin h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ph\u00f2ng x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m. https:\/\/www.aandt.co.jp\/jpn\/medical\/qc\/<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>TS Tr\u1ea7n Th\u1ecb Thanh Huy\u1ec1n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean khoa K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m y h\u1ecdc<\/strong><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"pt1Uq9BGHE\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/4pal.net\/dao-tao\/nganh-ky-thuat-xet-nghiem-y-hoc-he-dao-tao-4-nam\/\">Ng\u00e0nh K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m Y h\u1ecdc<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><\/iframe><\/p>\n<section class=\"veu_cta\" id=\"veu_cta-790\"><h1 class=\"cta_title\">TUY\u1ec2N SINH 2024<\/h1><div class=\"cta_body\"><div class=\"cta_body_image cta_body_image_right\"><a href=\"https:\/\/4pal.net\/tuyen-sinh\/thong-tin-tuyen-sinh-2023\/\" target=\"_blank\"><img width=\"750\" height=\"422\" src=\"https:\/\/4pal.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Banner-750x422.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/4pal.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Banner-750x422.jpg 750w, https:\/\/4pal.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Banner-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/4pal.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Banner-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/4pal.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Banner-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/4pal.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Banner-320x180.jpg 320w, https:\/\/4pal.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Banner.jpg 1890w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><\/a><\/div><div class=\"cta_body_txt image_exist\">B\u1ea1n \u0111ang ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ng\u00e0nh n\u00e0o ?\r<br \/>H\u00e3y li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 - t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n.\r<br \/>Hotline: 0869 809 088\r<br \/>Email: tuyensinh@4pal.net\r<br \/>\r<br \/>H\u1eb9n g\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1i THUV.\r<br \/><\/div><div class=\"cta_body_link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/4pal.net\/tuyen-sinh\/thong-tin-tuyen-sinh-2023\/\" class=\"btn btn-primary btn-block btn-lg\" target=\"_blank\">TH\u00d4NG TIN CHI TI\u1ebeT T\u1ea0I \u0110\u00c2Y<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/section><div class=\"veu_socialSet veu_socialSet-position-after veu_contentAddSection\"><script>window.twttr=(function(d,s,id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],t=window.twttr||{};if(d.getElementById(id))return t;js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\";fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js,fjs);t._e=[];t.ready=function(f){t._e.push(f);};return t;}(document,\"script\",\"twitter-wjs\"));<\/script><ul><li class=\"sb_facebook sb_icon\"><a href=\"\/\/www.facebook.com\/sharer.php?src=bm&u=https%3A%2F%2F4pal.net%2Fkiem-soat-chat-luong-xet-nghiem-va-ung-dung-cua-thong-ke-y-hoc%2F&amp;t=Ki%E1%BB%83m+so%C3%A1t+ch%E1%BA%A5t+l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng+x%C3%A9t+nghi%E1%BB%87m+v%C3%A0+%E1%BB%A9ng+d%E1%BB%A5ng+c%E1%BB%A7a+th%E1%BB%91ng+k%C3%AA+y+h%E1%BB%8Dc+%7C+Tr%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng+%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i+h%E1%BB%8Dc+Y+khoa+Tokyo+Vi%E1%BB%87t+Nam\" target=\"_blank\" onclick=\"window.open(this.href,'FBwindow','width=650,height=450,menubar=no,toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes');return false;\"><span class=\"vk_icon_w_r_sns_fb icon_sns\"><\/span><span class=\"sns_txt\">Facebook<\/span><span class=\"veu_count_sns_fb\"><\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong c\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 trong m\u1eabu sinh h\u1ecdc. V\u00ec c\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c y t\u1ebf n\u00ean t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00ec d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ho\u1eb7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n. Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn n\u00e0y. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady cao l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c y t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady. C\u00e1c m\u1eabu sinh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t d\u1ecbch c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 m\u00e1u v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec3u, v\u00e0 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 trong \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch. Ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft ngay t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c sai s\u1ed1 s\u1ebd l\u1edbn ra sao. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng l\u00e0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 trong ph\u1ea1m vi sai s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n. \u0110\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c trong x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i khi c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00f9ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111o v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt vi\u00ean x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng. N\u1ed9i ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (Internal Quality Control \u2013 IQC) g\u1ecdi t\u1eaft l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i ki\u1ec3m, l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y trong n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t ph\u00f2ng x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ph\u00f2ng x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m. Khi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 n\u1ed9i ki\u1ec3m n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, ph\u00f2ng x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm ra nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y sai s\u1ed1 nh\u01b0: t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eabu n\u1ed9i ki\u1ec3m, thao th\u00e1c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean,\u2026 v\u00e0 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean m\u1eabu b\u1ec7nh ph\u1ea9m. C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u00e0y nay trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t l\u00e0m l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. W.A. Shewhart, ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp ra ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: \u201cC\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i trong h\u01a1n 35 n\u0103m l\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn ra qua c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ecdi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 mang t\u00ednh x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u1ea3.\u201d T\u1ea1i Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t trong x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m y h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t Xbar-R (ho\u1eb7c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t Xbar-Rs-R). \u00a0\u00a0 &#8220;Xbar&#8221; bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1eabu QC \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00e0y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n &#8220;\u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c&#8221;. \u00a0\u00a0 &#8220;R&#8221; bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1ed1i \u0111a v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1eabu QC \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n &#8220;\u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m \u0111\u00f3&#8221;. \u00a0\u00a0 &#8220;Rs&#8221; bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trung b\u00ecnh trong ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb &#8220;\u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y&#8221;. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c mang t\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea, \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh cho c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o: 1.Shewhart, W. A. (1939) Statistical Methods from the Viewpoint of Quality Control. Graduate School, Department of Agriculture, Washington DC, 75. 2. C\u00e1ch ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. Th\u00f4ng tin h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ph\u00f2ng x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m. https:\/\/www.aandt.co.jp\/jpn\/medical\/qc\/ TS Tr\u1ea7n Th\u1ecb Thanh Huy\u1ec1n Gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean khoa K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m y h\u1ecdc Ng\u00e0nh K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m Y h\u1ecdc<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":10933,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[144,123,160,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10932","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cam-nang","category-khac","category-nhat-ky-giang-vien","category-other"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/4pal.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10932"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/4pal.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/4pal.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/4pal.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/18"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/4pal.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10932"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/4pal.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10932\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10935,"href":"https:\/\/4pal.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10932\/revisions\/10935"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/4pal.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10933"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/4pal.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10932"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/4pal.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10932"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/4pal.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10932"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}