{"id":11245,"date":"2024-04-12T01:56:06","date_gmt":"2024-04-12T01:56:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/4pal.net\/?p=11245"},"modified":"2024-04-12T01:56:06","modified_gmt":"2024-04-12T01:56:06","slug":"bai-tuyen-truyen-phong-chong-hiv-aids","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/4pal.net\/bai-tuyen-truyen-phong-chong-hiv-aids\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u00c0I TUY\u00caN TRUY\u1ec0N PH\u00d2NG CH\u1ed0NG HIV\/AIDS"},"content":{"rendered":"<ol>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<h3><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">HIV \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb \u201cHuman Immunodeficieny Viramrus\u201d c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Virus g\u00e2y suy gi\u1ea3m mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi. AIDS \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft t\u1eeb \u201cAcquired Immunodeficieny Syndrom\u201d ho\u1eb7c SIDA vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft t\u1eeb \u201cSyndrome d<sup>\u2019 <\/sup>Immunodeficiece Acquise\u201d c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cH\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng suy gi\u1ea3m mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch m\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i\u201d. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m sinh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a HIV l\u00e0 sau khi x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, virus s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u00e2n l\u00ean trong h\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch. Khi c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch suy gi\u1ea3m, s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng li\u00ean quan v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd kh\u1ed1i u. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh g\u00e2y t\u1eed vong \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec5m HIV l\u00e0 do c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, do ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 vaccin ph\u00f2ng b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 do nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi nguy c\u01a1 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng l\u00e2y lan b\u1ec7nh trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn kinh t\u1ebf, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi qu\u1ed1c gia, v\u00ec v\u1eady HIV\/AIDS \u0111ang l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n y t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\" start=\"2\">\n<li>\n<h3><strong>T\u00e1c nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">HIV l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ARN virus, thu\u1ed9c h\u1ecd Retroviridae<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">H\u00ecnh th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac: HIV c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh c\u1ea7u, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh 80 \u2013 120 nm, g\u1ed3m 3 l\u1edbp: v\u1ecf ngo\u00e0i, v\u1ecf trong, nh\u00e2n virus<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\" start=\"3\">\n<li>\n<h3><strong>D\u1ecbch t\u1ec5 h\u1ecdc<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>L\u00e2y qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Virus HIV c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u trong ch\u1ea5t d\u1ecbch sinh d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m. Do v\u1eady, virus HIV c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o m\u00e1u b\u1ea1n t\u00ecnh qua c\u01a1 quan sinh d\u1ee5c. Vi\u1ec7c sinh ho\u1ea1t t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 giao h\u1ee3p hay ch\u1ec9 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac c\u01a1 quan sinh d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>L\u00e2y qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e1u<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">HIV c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u trong m\u00e1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec5m. Do v\u1eady vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng chung b\u01a1m kim ti\u00eam, d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 y t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng qua ti\u1ec7t tr\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec5m HIV, truy\u1ec1n m\u00e1u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec5m HIV \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0m l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m HIV.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 ma t\u00fay, b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng sinh ra HIV nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghi\u1ec7n ma t\u00fay d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng b\u1ecb l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m HIV khi d\u00f9ng chung b\u01a1m kim ti\u00eam v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n nghi\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c b\u01a1m kim ti\u00eam t\u1ea1i t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u00e1n thu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>L\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n m\u1eb9 sang con<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 tr\u1ebb em sinh ra b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m HIV t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m HIV l\u00e0 25-30%. HIV c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e2y t\u1eeb m\u1eb9 sang b\u00e9 qua nhau thai khi b\u00e9 trong b\u1ee5ng m\u1eb9, qua m\u00e1u v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a m\u1eb9 khi sinh ho\u1eb7c qua s\u1eefa m\u1eb9 khi m\u1eb9 cho con b\u00fa. Tr\u1ebb s\u01a1 sinh nhi\u1ec5m HIV th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e1 3 n\u0103m.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1ecbch t\u1ec5 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec5m HIV\/AIDS<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Nhi\u1ec5m HIV l\u00e0 tr\u00f9ng su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi:<\/strong> Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec5m khu\u1ea9n kh\u00e1c, m\u1ea7m b\u1ec7nh ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, HIV m\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u00e3 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o b\u1ed9 gen c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ch\u1ee7 s\u1ebd t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed sau khi t\u1eed vong, HIV v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c s\u1ed1ng trong t\u1eed thi v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y, do v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec5m HIV v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n b\u1ec7nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>D\u1ecbch HIV l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbch \u1ea9n<\/strong>: Nhi\u1ec5m HIV di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn qua nhi\u1ec1u giai \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eeb s\u01a1 nhi\u1ec5m qua giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1eeda s\u1ed5, \u0111\u1ebfn giai \u0111o\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec5m HIV kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng, r\u1ed3i h\u1ea1ch s\u01b0ng to dai d\u1eb3ng to\u00e0n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a AIDS. Th\u1eddi gian trung b\u00ecnh kho\u1ea3ng 10 \u2013 15 n\u0103m, lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>D\u1ecbch HIV\/AIDS l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u:<\/strong> Nh\u1eefng ca b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf M\u1ef9. Theo s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u UNAIDS t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 2021, Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 38,4 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec5m HIV. T\u1ea1i khu v\u1ef1c ch\u00e2u \u00c1 \u2013 Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2021 c\u00f3 5,7 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec5m HIV. Trong n\u0103m 2021, c\u00f3 260.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec5m m\u1edbi trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 14.000 l\u00e0 tr\u1ebb em d\u01b0\u1edbi 15 tu\u1ed5i, 128 ng\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eed vong do AIDS. \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec5m HIV ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 nam quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1edbi (chi\u1ebfm 53%). T\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb ca nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u0103m 1990 t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 10\/2022, theo b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 tr\u1ef1c thu\u1ed9c Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00ec c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 220.580 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec5m HIV hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 112.368 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec5m HIV \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eed vong. D\u1ecbch t\u1eadp trung ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c \u0110\u00f4ng Nam B\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00f4ng C\u1eedu Long chi\u1ebfm g\u1ea7n 80% s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec5m m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c (th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh chi\u1ebfm h\u01a1n 1\/4 s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec5m m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c) v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nam gi\u1edbi (tr\u00ean 80%).<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\" start=\"4\">\n<li>\n<h3><strong>C\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec5m HIV<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u01a1 nhi\u1ec5m\u00a0(<\/strong><strong>c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 c\u1eeda s\u1ed5)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Th\u1eddi gian k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1eeb 2 \u0111\u1ebfn 6 th\u00e1ng, c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m HIV cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u00e2m t\u00ednh (v\u00ec th\u1ebf trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y d\u1ec5 l\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c n\u1ebfu quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng an to\u00e0n).<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec5m HIV kh\u00f4ng tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb 5 \u0111\u1ebfn 7 n\u0103m, c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 v\u1eabn kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1eadn AIDS<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">V\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng, x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n AIDS<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">C\u00f3 c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng sau:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>G\u1ea7y s\u00fat (gi\u1ea3m tr\u00ean 10% tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u01a1\u00a0th\u1ec3\u00a0).<\/li>\n<li>S\u1ed1t , \u1ec9a ch\u1ea3y, ho k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tr\u00ean 1 th\u00e1ng.<\/li>\n<li>Xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ec7nh nh\u01b0: ung th\u01b0, vi\u00eam ph\u1ed5i, lao, vi\u00eam da, l\u1edf lo\u00e9t to\u00e0n th\u00e2n.<\/li>\n<li>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh nhanh ch\u00f3ng t\u1eed\u00a0vong t\u00f9y theo \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ch\u0103m s\u00f3c v\u00e0\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\" start=\"5\">\n<li>\n<h3><strong>\u0110i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng ARV<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Thu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1ng HIV (t\u00ean ti\u1ebfng Anh: Antiretroviral vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft l\u00e0 ARV) l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 men sao ch\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a HIV. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c ARV hi\u1ec7n nay v\u1edbi 2 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch: \u0110i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb HIV v\u00e0 D\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m HIV<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>D\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m HIV b\u1eb1ng thu\u1ed1c ARV<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">L\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c ARV \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m HIV. D\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng b\u1eb1ng thu\u1ed1c ARV th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p sau:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>D\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u01a1i nhi\u1ec5m HIV: (Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis &#8211; PrEP): L\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c ARV cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a nhi\u1ec5m HIV nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh vi nguy c\u01a1 cao l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m HIV \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m HIV. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\n<li>D\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng sau ph\u01a1i nhi\u1ec5m HIV: (Post-exposure prophylaxis &#8211; PEP): L\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c ARV cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00e2m t\u00ednh v\u1edbi HIV b\u1ecb ph\u01a1i nhi\u1ec5m v\u1edbi HIV \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m HIV (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 kim ti\u00eam \u0111\u00e2m, r\u00e1ch bao cao su khi quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c v.v..).\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0110i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng <\/strong><strong>ARV<\/strong><strong> \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m <\/strong><strong>HIV<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">L\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c ARV \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 nhi\u1ec5m HIV \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec l\u01b0\u1ee3ng vi r\u00fat HIV th\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n (&lt; 200 b\u1ea3n sao\/ml m\u00e1u), t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nguy c\u01a1 l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n HIV cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c. (Kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n = Kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n; K=K).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Thu\u1ed1c ARV s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec5m HIV lu\u00f4n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p 3 lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">V\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n nhi\u1ec5m HIV, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c ARV v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb t\u1ed1t s\u1ebd c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>Gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 m\u1eafc c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 t\u1eed vong li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi HIV: Thu\u1ed1c ARV ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 nh\u00e2n l\u00ean c\u1ee7a vi r\u00fat. Do \u0111\u00f3 duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch, gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 m\u1eafc c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m t\u1eed vong li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn HIV.<\/li>\n<li>D\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n HIV sang ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c: Khi \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ARV, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng vi r\u00fat HIV trong m\u00e1u r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p, do v\u1eady gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n HIV t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec5m HIV ra nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/li>\n<li>D\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n HIV t\u1eeb m\u1eb9 sang con: Khi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef mang thai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ARV s\u1edbm, HIV trong m\u00e1u s\u1ebd b\u1ecb \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf \u1edf m\u1ee9c d\u01b0\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n, do v\u1eady gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n HIV t\u1eeb m\u1eb9 sang con trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh mang thai, khi sinh v\u00e0 sau khi sinh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\" start=\"6\">\n<li>\n<h3><strong>Ph\u00f2ng b\u1ec7nh<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ph\u00f2ng l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n HIV\/AIDS qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c an to\u00e0n cho m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ba ch\u1eef A, B, C c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i c\u00e1\u00a0 nh\u00e2n:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>A: Abstinence: kh\u00f4ng quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c<\/li>\n<li>B: Be faithful: chung th\u1ee7y v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u1ea1n t\u00ecnh su\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/li>\n<li>C: Condom: bao cao su: lu\u00f4n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bao cao su khi quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ph\u00f2ng l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m HIV\/AIDS qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e1u<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Kh\u00f4ng ti\u00eam ch\u00edch ma t\u00fay.<\/li>\n<li>Ch\u1ec9 truy\u1ec1n m\u00e1u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m m\u00e1u khi th\u1eadt c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eadn m\u00e1u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m m\u00e1u \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m HIV.<\/li>\n<li>Ch\u1ec9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u01a1m kim ti\u00eam v\u00f4 tr\u00f9ng. Kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng chung b\u01a1m kim ti\u00eam. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ec7t tr\u00f9ng khi ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt, x\u0103m, x\u1ecf l\u1ed7, ch\u00e2m c\u1ee9u&#8230;<\/li>\n<li>Tr\u00e1nh ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec5m HIV<\/li>\n<li>D\u00f9ng ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n: dao c\u1ea1o, b\u00e0n ch\u1ea3i r\u0103ng, b\u1ea5m m\u00f3ng tay,&#8230;\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ph\u00f2ng l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m HIV\/AIDS t\u1eeb m\u1eb9 sang con<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n cho m\u1ecdi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u1edf tu\u1ed5i sinh \u0111\u1ebb v\u1ec1 nguy c\u01a1 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m HIV v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ecb l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m HIV cho con t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 nhi\u1ec5m HIV<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">T\u01b0 v\u1ea5n n\u00ean x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m HIV tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi k\u1ebft h\u00f4n, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 thai, khi c\u00f3 thai ho\u1eb7c tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ebb \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n HIV t\u1eeb m\u1eb9 sang con<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/4pal.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Phong-chong-AIDS.jpg\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-11246\" src=\"https:\/\/4pal.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Phong-chong-AIDS-750x434.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"750\" height=\"434\" srcset=\"https:\/\/4pal.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Phong-chong-AIDS-750x434.jpg 750w, https:\/\/4pal.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Phong-chong-AIDS-300x173.jpg 300w, https:\/\/4pal.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Phong-chong-AIDS-768x444.jpg 768w, https:\/\/4pal.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Phong-chong-AIDS.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ngu\u1ed3n:\u00a0C\u1ee4C PH\u00d2NG, CH\u1ed0NG HIV\/AIDS &#8211; B\u1ed8 Y T\u1ebe<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0110i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec5m (Gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng) \u2013 B\u1ed9 Y t\u1ebf<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>ThS. D\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u1ecb Thu H\u01b0\u01a1ng &#8211; Tr\u01b0\u1edfng khoa \u0110i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udcda\ud83d\udd2c\ud83d\udc8a\ud83d\udc89\ud83c\uddef\ud83c\uddf5 \ud83c\uddfb\ud83c\uddf3 \ud83c\uddfe \ud83c\uddf0 \ud83c\udded \ud83c\uddf4 \ud83c\udde6 \ud83c\uddf9 \ud83c\uddf4 \ud83c\uddf0 \ud83c\uddfe \ud83c\uddf4 \ud83c\uddfb \ud83c\uddee \ud83c\uddea \ud83c\uddf9 \ud83c\uddf3 \ud83c\udde6 \ud83c\uddf2 \ud83c\uddef\ud83c\uddf5 \ud83c\uddfb\ud83c\uddf3\u2b558\ufe0f\u20e36\ufe0f\u20e39\ufe0f\u20e38\ufe0f\u20e3\u2b559\ufe0f\u20e3\u2b558\ufe0f\u20e38\ufe0f\u20e3\ud83c\uddef\ud83c\uddf5 \ud83c\uddfb\ud83c\uddf3<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"cHtCa8nI81\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/4pal.net\/dao-tao\/nganh-dieu-duong-he-dao-tao-4-nam\/\">Ng\u00e0nh \u0110i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><\/iframe><\/p>\n<section class=\"veu_cta\" id=\"veu_cta-790\"><h1 class=\"cta_title\">TUY\u1ec2N SINH 2024<\/h1><div class=\"cta_body\"><div class=\"cta_body_image cta_body_image_right\"><a href=\"https:\/\/4pal.net\/tuyen-sinh\/thong-tin-tuyen-sinh-2023\/\" target=\"_blank\"><img width=\"750\" height=\"422\" src=\"https:\/\/4pal.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Banner-750x422.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/4pal.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Banner-750x422.jpg 750w, https:\/\/4pal.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Banner-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/4pal.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Banner-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/4pal.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Banner-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/4pal.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Banner-320x180.jpg 320w, https:\/\/4pal.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Banner.jpg 1890w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><\/a><\/div><div class=\"cta_body_txt image_exist\">B\u1ea1n \u0111ang ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ng\u00e0nh n\u00e0o ?\r<br \/>H\u00e3y li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 - t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n.\r<br \/>Hotline: 0869 809 088\r<br \/>Email: tuyensinh@4pal.net\r<br \/>\r<br \/>H\u1eb9n g\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1i THUV.\r<br \/><\/div><div class=\"cta_body_link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/4pal.net\/tuyen-sinh\/thong-tin-tuyen-sinh-2023\/\" class=\"btn btn-primary btn-block btn-lg\" target=\"_blank\">TH\u00d4NG TIN CHI TI\u1ebeT T\u1ea0I \u0110\u00c2Y<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/section><div class=\"veu_socialSet veu_socialSet-position-after veu_contentAddSection\"><script>window.twttr=(function(d,s,id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],t=window.twttr||{};if(d.getElementById(id))return t;js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\";fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js,fjs);t._e=[];t.ready=function(f){t._e.push(f);};return t;}(document,\"script\",\"twitter-wjs\"));<\/script><ul><li class=\"sb_facebook sb_icon\"><a href=\"\/\/www.facebook.com\/sharer.php?src=bm&u=https%3A%2F%2F4pal.net%2Fbai-tuyen-truyen-phong-chong-hiv-aids%2F&amp;t=B%C3%80I+TUY%C3%8AN+TRUY%E1%BB%80N+PH%C3%92NG+CH%E1%BB%90NG+HIV%2FAIDS+%7C+Tr%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng+%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i+h%E1%BB%8Dc+Y+khoa+Tokyo+Vi%E1%BB%87t+Nam\" target=\"_blank\" onclick=\"window.open(this.href,'FBwindow','width=650,height=450,menubar=no,toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes');return false;\"><span class=\"vk_icon_w_r_sns_fb icon_sns\"><\/span><span class=\"sns_txt\">Facebook<\/span><span class=\"veu_count_sns_fb\"><\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a HIV \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb \u201cHuman Immunodeficieny Viramrus\u201d c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Virus g\u00e2y suy gi\u1ea3m mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi. AIDS \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft t\u1eeb \u201cAcquired Immunodeficieny Syndrom\u201d ho\u1eb7c SIDA vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft t\u1eeb \u201cSyndrome d\u2019 Immunodeficiece Acquise\u201d c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cH\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng suy gi\u1ea3m mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch m\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i\u201d. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m sinh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a HIV l\u00e0 sau khi x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, virus s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u00e2n l\u00ean trong h\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch. Khi c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch suy gi\u1ea3m, s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng li\u00ean quan v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd kh\u1ed1i u. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh g\u00e2y t\u1eed vong \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec5m HIV l\u00e0 do c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, do ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 vaccin ph\u00f2ng b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 do nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi nguy c\u01a1 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng l\u00e2y lan b\u1ec7nh trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn kinh t\u1ebf, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi qu\u1ed1c gia, v\u00ec v\u1eady HIV\/AIDS \u0111ang l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n y t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u T\u00e1c nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh HIV l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ARN virus, thu\u1ed9c h\u1ecd Retroviridae H\u00ecnh th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac: HIV c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh c\u1ea7u, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh 80 \u2013 120 nm, g\u1ed3m 3 l\u1edbp: v\u1ecf ngo\u00e0i, v\u1ecf trong, nh\u00e2n virus D\u1ecbch t\u1ec5 h\u1ecdc C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n L\u00e2y qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c Virus HIV c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u trong ch\u1ea5t d\u1ecbch sinh d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m. Do v\u1eady, virus HIV c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o m\u00e1u b\u1ea1n t\u00ecnh qua c\u01a1 quan sinh d\u1ee5c. Vi\u1ec7c sinh ho\u1ea1t t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 giao h\u1ee3p hay ch\u1ec9 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac c\u01a1 quan sinh d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m. L\u00e2y qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e1u HIV c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u trong m\u00e1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec5m. Do v\u1eady vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng chung b\u01a1m kim ti\u00eam, d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 y t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng qua ti\u1ec7t tr\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec5m HIV, truy\u1ec1n m\u00e1u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec5m HIV \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0m l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m HIV. Ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 ma t\u00fay, b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng sinh ra HIV nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghi\u1ec7n ma t\u00fay d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng b\u1ecb l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m HIV khi d\u00f9ng chung b\u01a1m kim ti\u00eam v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n nghi\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c b\u01a1m kim ti\u00eam t\u1ea1i t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u00e1n thu\u1ed1c. L\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n m\u1eb9 sang con T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 tr\u1ebb em sinh ra b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m HIV t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m HIV l\u00e0 25-30%. HIV c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e2y t\u1eeb m\u1eb9 sang b\u00e9 qua nhau thai khi b\u00e9 trong b\u1ee5ng m\u1eb9, qua m\u00e1u v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a m\u1eb9 khi sinh ho\u1eb7c qua s\u1eefa m\u1eb9 khi m\u1eb9 cho con b\u00fa. Tr\u1ebb s\u01a1 sinh nhi\u1ec5m HIV th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e1 3 n\u0103m. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1ecbch t\u1ec5 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec5m HIV\/AIDS Nhi\u1ec5m HIV l\u00e0 tr\u00f9ng su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi: Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec5m khu\u1ea9n kh\u00e1c, m\u1ea7m b\u1ec7nh ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, HIV m\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u00e3 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o b\u1ed9 gen c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ch\u1ee7 s\u1ebd t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed sau khi t\u1eed vong, HIV v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c s\u1ed1ng trong t\u1eed thi v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y, do v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec5m HIV v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n b\u1ec7nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c D\u1ecbch HIV l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbch \u1ea9n: Nhi\u1ec5m HIV di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn qua nhi\u1ec1u giai \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eeb s\u01a1 nhi\u1ec5m qua giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1eeda s\u1ed5, \u0111\u1ebfn giai \u0111o\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec5m HIV kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng, r\u1ed3i h\u1ea1ch s\u01b0ng to dai d\u1eb3ng to\u00e0n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a AIDS. Th\u1eddi gian trung b\u00ecnh kho\u1ea3ng 10 \u2013 15 n\u0103m, lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. D\u1ecbch HIV\/AIDS l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u: Nh\u1eefng ca b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf M\u1ef9. Theo s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u UNAIDS t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 2021, Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 38,4 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec5m HIV. T\u1ea1i khu v\u1ef1c ch\u00e2u \u00c1 \u2013 Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2021 c\u00f3 5,7 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec5m HIV. Trong n\u0103m 2021, c\u00f3 260.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec5m m\u1edbi trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 14.000 l\u00e0 tr\u1ebb em d\u01b0\u1edbi 15 tu\u1ed5i, 128 ng\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eed vong do AIDS. \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec5m HIV ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 nam quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1edbi (chi\u1ebfm 53%). T\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb ca nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u0103m 1990 t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 10\/2022, theo b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 tr\u1ef1c thu\u1ed9c Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00ec c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 220.580 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec5m HIV hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 112.368 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec5m HIV \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eed vong. D\u1ecbch t\u1eadp trung ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c \u0110\u00f4ng Nam B\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00f4ng C\u1eedu Long chi\u1ebfm g\u1ea7n 80% s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec5m m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c (th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh chi\u1ebfm h\u01a1n 1\/4 s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec5m m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c) v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nam gi\u1edbi (tr\u00ean 80%). C\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec5m HIV Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u01a1 nhi\u1ec5m\u00a0(c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 c\u1eeda s\u1ed5) Th\u1eddi gian k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1eeb 2 \u0111\u1ebfn 6 th\u00e1ng, c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m HIV cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u00e2m t\u00ednh (v\u00ec th\u1ebf trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y d\u1ec5 l\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c n\u1ebfu quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng an to\u00e0n). Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec5m HIV kh\u00f4ng tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng Th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb 5 \u0111\u1ebfn 7 n\u0103m, c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 v\u1eabn kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1eadn AIDS V\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng, x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n AIDS C\u00f3 c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng sau: G\u1ea7y s\u00fat (gi\u1ea3m tr\u00ean 10% tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u01a1\u00a0th\u1ec3\u00a0). S\u1ed1t , \u1ec9a ch\u1ea3y, ho k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tr\u00ean 1 th\u00e1ng. Xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ec7nh nh\u01b0: ung th\u01b0, vi\u00eam ph\u1ed5i, lao, vi\u00eam da, l\u1edf lo\u00e9t to\u00e0n th\u00e2n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh nhanh ch\u00f3ng t\u1eed\u00a0vong t\u00f9y theo \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ch\u0103m s\u00f3c v\u00e0\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb \u0110i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng ARV Thu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1ng HIV (t\u00ean ti\u1ebfng Anh: Antiretroviral vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft l\u00e0 ARV) l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 men sao ch\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a HIV. 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